RUM
Locality and Administration:
The Greater Wadi Rum locality as the landscape lies within the Hizma Basin. About 310 km south of Amman and about 60 km north east of the coastal city of Aqaba. The area is located within the administrative territory of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) which is a financially and administratively autonomous institution responsible for the management, regulation, and the development of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone.
Six ministerial-level commissioners, each responsible for a major area of regulatory or operational activity govern the zone. The mandate of ASEZA in terms of land management covers the following administrative districts and sub-districts; Qasabat Aqaba District, Quairah District which includes, in addition to the other communities, the villages of Rum, Salhiyyeh, Shakriyyeh under its jurisdiction and Diseh Sub-District, which includes the villages of Diseh, Twaiseh, Mnaisheer, Al-Twail and Al-Ghal.

Project Site :
The study area for this component originally included the buffer zone of Wadi Rum Protected Area, RSCN decided to include the wider landscape containing the southern nearly connected mountain chains. The purpose of this extension was to look at Wadi Rum as part of a connected system of natural heritage and biodiversity values.

Physical Characteristics:
Wadi Rum is part of the Hizma Basin landscape which links the mountain ranges and adjacent Rift Valley of western Jordan and the Arabian Peninsula. Wadi Rum is the most distinctive landform of the Hizma Basin – the nearly level floor of the basin contains numerous mud flats, the remnants of Pleistocene lakes, and is occasionally punctuated by sheer-walled mountains. The spectacular sandstone structures rise 200m to 300m above the basin floor and often attain elevations of over 1000m. The Wadi Rum environment is a great example of a highly varied desert landscape .
Some 20 million years of ongoing landscape evolution have given Wadi Rum numerous inherited features of past conditions, many of which are undergoing slow modification in response to processes driven by present day conditions.
Wadi Rum lies within the Saharo-Sindian climate zone, with typical desert soils and, due to the long dry months and high temperature, sparse vegetation cover. Altitudes play a major role in deciding the vegetation type in Wadi Rum as they influence the climatic conditions. Differences in temperature and precipitation between the mountain peaks and the bottom of the Wadis have served as a deciding factor in influencing vegetation types, and allow Mediterranean non-forest vegetation types to exist on the mountain tops in the middle of the Saharo-Sudanian biome.
Social Structure :
There are six Bedouin tribes inhabiting the Greater Wadi Rum Landscape. Until recently, they relied on their nomadic life and herding livestock. They are marked by their strong tribal network and their tribal affiliation, they are as follows:
• Zalabia: inhabiting Rum village, Wadi Rum, Wadi Um Ishrin, Wadi Raman and Jabal Qattar
• Zawayda: inhabiting Diseh, Twaiseh, Mnaisheer, Al-Ghal and Al-Twail north of Wadi Rum and Wadi Um Ishrin and NE of the area
• Sweiliyyeen: inhabiting Shakriyyeh and Salhiyyeh, Wadi Raman
• Umran: inhabiting Southern part of Wadi Rum Area Livestock
• Dbour: inhabiting SW of Wadi Rum Area and the southern most parts of Wadi Marsad
• Qudhman: inhabiting Wadi Marsad
Since early times, the natural landscape of Wadi Rum was the main source of life for Bedouins and their large herds of livestock. The only year-round water sources for the local villages were the springs along the eastern face of Jabal Rum and this stimulated the development of the current village at Rum, although the first wells to be sunk in the region were located in Al Diseh Village. Water resources facilitated the gradual shift in local livelihoods, where Bedouins started to seek secure access to water resources. This resulted in the emergence of farming activities and led to overgrazing.
Wadi Rum’s tourism prior to 1962 was simple and very limited from Bedouin accounts. In 1961, the epic film “Lawrence of Arabia” was shot at Wadi Rum and this brought to the attention of movie-goers, the beauty of Wadi Rum. During filming many Bedouin men served as personal guides for crew and other
Biodiversity
The Greater Wadi Rum Landscape falls within the Sudanian vegetation region. There are three vegetation types present in the area namely:
(i) Sand Dune Vegetation Type: This vegetation type is only found in the Sudanian Vegetation Region. Wadi Rum area is one of the best representatives for it. It is made up of shrubs and bushes (sand dune fixatives). The main species that characterize this type of vegetation include Haloxylon persicum, Retama raetum, Calligonum comosum, Neurada procumbens and Hammada scopiana.
(ii) Acacia and Rocky Sudanian Vegetation Type: This vegetation is limited to the rocky areas. Sometimes it is found together with the Sand Dune Vegetation Type. The main species found in this vegetation type include Acacia raddiana, Anabasis articulata, Carulluma spp., Fagaena spp., Gymnocarpus decondrum, and Helianthermum lippii; and
(iii) Hammada Vegetation Type: The main species present in the area include Anabasis articulata, Retama raetum, Tamarix spp., Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia herba-alba and Zilla spinosa.
The following mammal species were recorded in the area: Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus), Grey Wolf (Canis lupus); Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Caracal (Caracal caracal), Wild Cat (Felis sylvestris), Sand Cat (Felis margarita), Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Asian Dormouse (Eliomys melanurus), Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis), Botta’s Serotine Bat (Eptesicus bottae), Dorcas Gazelle (Gazella dorcas) and Nubian Ibex (Capra ibex nubiana). The Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) has recently been reintroduced in the area. Rare and endemic species/subspecies of reptiles (Lacerta lacerta cf. kulzeri) and the globally threatened Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus) are also found in the area.

Regionally threatened bird species have been recorded in addition to many species with a restricted range which breed in the area or are recorded in winter, e.g. Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor), Arabian Babbler (Turdoides squamiceps), Hooded Wheatear (Oenanthe monacha), Pale Rose finch (Carpodacus synoicus), House Bunting (Emberiza sahari) and Syrian Serin (Serinus syriacus).

This project has targeted the wildlife present in the study area , for more details check the following reports :
- Flora of Wadi Rum Protected Area
- Flora of Wadi Rum Buffer Zone
- Biodiversity of Rum : Study of the PDTRA zone excluding PAP
- Geology of Wadi Rum and its Surroundings

Conservation:
The Government of Jordan recognized the importance of Wadi Rum as early as 1978, when it approved the IUCN / WWF study, which identified twelve sites as potential nature reserves representing the unique habitats and ecosystems occurring in Jordan. Wadi Rum was one of the sites reviewed in this study and proposed as a nature reserve.
In 1991, the National Environment Strategy for Jordan identified Wadi Rum as an important site, requiring urgent action to ensure its protection.
The Protected Area was designated as a Special Regulations Area in two phases; the first was in 1997 following a Cabinet decision. (Number: 27/11/3226). An area of 540 km2 was designated in this phase. In 2002 the Cabinet agreed to extend the Protected Area south by 180 km2. (Cabinet decision no: 224/11/1/986).
In August 2000, ASEZA was established as a replacement for the Aqaba Region Authority and supported by a framework of new legislation. This legislation that enabled the government to endorse the Wadi Rum Protected Area regulations in January 2001.
In recognition to its importance for birds, Wadi Rum Protected Area was identified as an Important Bird Area in the Middle East in 1999 by the Bird Life International. It was also reconfirmed as an Important Bird Area during the national review of bird sites, which was conducted in 2000 by RSCN.
Rum’s declaration as an Important Bird Area is testimony to the presence of globally threatened species which visit the Hizma/Wadi Rum area. They include regionally threatened species and many species with a restricted range which breed in the area or are recorded in winter. Moreover, the site lies on a main bird migration route, due to its location between the Arabian Peninsula and Eurasia.
Land use :
Tourism in Wadi Rum is nowadays the predominant land use and a major source of income for local Bedouin communities. It is also the principal cause of environmental degradation. Tourism numbers have grown steadily over several decades. Between 1998 and 2010, tourism increased more than fourfold, though there has been significant fluctuation in international visitor numbers resulting from external influences outside Jordan.

Most of the settlements occur around the Protected Area. The current distribution of Bedouin villages in and around the Protected Area was originally related to water sources. It is now more related to where tourism benefits lie. Rum Village lies in the heart of the protected area and is the only settlement inside the boundaries. Its community is part of a wider network of Bedouin tribes stretching as far as Aqaba and Saudi Arabia.

Bedouin lifestyle depended originally on the collection of firewood for cooking, heating, making coffee. In Rum, Disi, and other villages with a tourism industry, tourists on camping safaris in the Protected Area constitute another important use for firewood

Challenges:
Tourism activities compromise the main source of impacts in the Greater Wadi Rum Landscape , they are summarized in:
Camping has a negative impact on the environment where solid waste (including human waste) may be safely disposed by licensed camps but others are not as careful. In general, camps litter the landscape and damage the integrity of the fundamental asset that Wadi Rum offers.
Off-road driving: Full-day and short (3-5 hour) jeep “safaris” are Wadi Rum’s main product. The used vehicles have a negative impact, where highly visible damage to the landscape and the ecosystem from off-road driving. There is little or no appreciation of the damage to the crust (and its exposure to wind erosion), the impact on vegetation, or the aesthetic degradation by the specific tourism sector.

Camel & Horse riding: Camels are by far preferable to jeeps as far as their impact on the soil crust, but they do have a pronounced impact on vegetation. However, the carrying capacity is exceeded in areas close to camps, resulting in overgrazing. Camels eat everything. If there is a visual impact there is an environmental impact. If there is an increase in camels, there will be an increase in grazing. Camels are economically sustainable precisely because they can eat desert vegetation unpalatable to other livestock. This has a detrimental effect on species composition in the degraded areas. Horseback riding tours in Wadi Rum are an important product for many of the Petra Region providers, who own horses. But horse activities pose higher ecological risk than camels. Horses do damage the soil crust, unlike camels, although far less profoundly than vehicles. Trips on a horseback usually require daily fodder and water for the horses to be transported by vehicles.
Hunting: Although it goes virtually unmentioned, hunting is an issue in the greater Wadi Rum area and it is also a form of tourism – hunting guides have Saudi and Khaliji clients who pay handsomely for their services. It is said to be the result of a “weak level of awareness about the impact on wildlife”, failure to enforce regulations, local culture and tradition, easy access to all parts of the protected area, availability of automatic machine guns, availability of 4x4 cars in the area and the perception that wild carnivores feed on domestic livestock . Due to the illicit nature of this activity it was not possible to gather any meaningful statistical data on the extent or intensity of hunting taking place, however, rifle shells are ubiquitous throughout the greater Wadi Rum area would seem to suggest that it is an issue of concern.
Overgrazing is another issue that threats the natural system in Wadi Rum Protected area and the surrounding system.
Fauna Species
|
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Arabic Name |
1 |
Capra nubiana |
Nubian Ibex |
الماعز الجبلي ،البدن |
2 |
Paraechinus aethiopicus |
Ethiopian Hedgehog |
قنفذ اثيوبي |
3 |
Canis aureus |
Asiatic Jackal |
ابن آوى |
4 |
Canis lupus |
Wolf |
الذئب العربي |
5 |
Vulpes cana |
Blanford’s Fox |
الثعلب الافغاني |
6 |
Vulpes vulpes |
Red Fox |
الثعلب الاحمر |
7 |
Felis margarita |
Sand Cat |
القط الرملي |
8 |
Hyaena hyaena |
Striped Hyaena |
الضبع |
9 |
Rhinolophus clivosus |
Geoffroy’s Horseshoe Bat |
خفاش حدوة الفرس العربي |
10 |
Rhinolophus hipposideros |
Lesser Horseshoe Bat |
خفاش حدوة الفرس الصغير |
11 |
Otonectris hemprichii |
Hemprich’s Long eared Bat |
خفاش طويل الاذن |
12 |
Hypsugo ariel |
Desert Pipistrelle |
خفاش طليق الذنب |
13 |
Barbastella leucomelas |
Asian Barbastelle |
خفاش |
14 |
Eptesicus bottae |
Botta’s Serotine Bat |
خفاش بوتا |
15 |
Plecotus christii |
Northeast African Long Ear Bat |
خفاش رمادي طويل الاذن |
16 |
Tadarida teniotis |
European Free-tailed Bat |
خفاش طليق الذنب الاوروبي |
17 |
Eliomys melanurus |
Asian Garden Dormouse |
فأر الحدائق |
18 |
Jaculus jaculus |
Three-toed Jerboa |
الجربوع المصري |
19 |
Acomys russatus |
Golden Spiny Mouse |
الفأر الشوكي الذهبي |
20 |
Acomys dimidiatus |
Eastern Spiny Mouse |
---------------- |
21 |
Gerbillus nanus |
Baluchistan Gerbil |
يربوع بلوخستان |
22 |
Gerbillus cheesmani |
Chessman’s Gerbil |
فأر تشيزمان |
23 |
Gerbillus dasyurus |
Wagner’s Gerbil |
يربوع واجنر |
24 |
Merionus crassus |
Sand evall’s Gerbil |
جرذ سندفال |
25 |
Psammomys obesus |
Fat Sand Rat |
جرذ الرمال |
26 |
Sekeetamys calurus |
Bushy-tailed Jird |
جرذ كثيف شعر الذيل |
27 |
Lepus capensis |
Arabian Hare |
الارنب العربي |
28 |
Procavia capensis |
Rock Hyrax |
الوبر |
29 |
Histrix indica |
Indian Porcupine |
نيص |
30 |
Mus musculus |
House mouse |
الفأر المنزلي |
31 |
Gerbillus henleyi |
Pygmy Gerbil |
يربوع قزم |
32 |
Coluber sinai,or elegantessemus |
Elegant snake |
الحية الانيقة |
33 |
Platyceps rhodorachis |
Cat eyed snake |
السف الأخضر |
33 |
Lytorhynchus diadema |
Awl-headed Snake |
حية البسباس الجبلي |
34 |
Telescopus dhara |
Piece snake |
ثعبان جداري |
35 |
Spalerosophis diadema |
Diadem Snake |
الأرقم الأحمر، حية مرقطة |
36 |
Eirenis coronella |
Sand horned viper |
حية السلام المطوقة |
37 |
Psammophis schokari |
Carpet snake |
حية السجاد |
38 |
Cerastes gasperettii |
Blind snake |
الثعبان الأعمى |
39 |
Echis coloratus |
Carpet or saw scales snake |
أفعى السجاد الشرقية |
40 |
Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus |
Hook-billed Blind Snake |
الحية الدودية الخيطية |
41 |
Ptyodactylus guttatus |
Fan footed gecko |
أبو بريص |
42 |
Ptyodactylus hasselequisti |
Fan footed gecko |
أبو بريص |
43 |
Stenodactylus doriae |
Sand gecko |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
44 |
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus |
Elegant gecko |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
45 |
Pristuris rupestris |
Semaphore Gecko |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
46 |
Bunopus tuberculatus |
Blauch stone gecko |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
47 |
Hemidactylus turcicus |
Turkish gecko |
وزغ تركي،الوزغة |
48 |
Tropiocolotes nattereri |
Nattereri’s gecko |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
49 |
Nattereri’s gecko |
Stellio agama |
أبو بريص، الوزغة |
50 |
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus |
Sinai Agama |
الحرذون السينائي |
51 |
Uromastyx aegyptius |
Dab OR Spiny tailed lizard |
الضب |
52 |
Phrynocephalus arabicus |
Toed head Agama |
حرذون |
53 |
Acanthodactylus schmidti |
Fringe toes sand lizard |
سحلية |
54 |
Acanthodactylus opheodurus |
Fringe-toedlizard |
سحلية |
55 |
Acanthodactylus boskianus |
Boscs lizard |
سحلية شوكية الأقدام |
56 |
Mesalina guttulata |
Small spotted lizard |
السحلية المنقطة |
57 |
Mesalina olivieri |
Olivier’s Desert Racer |
سحلية أوليفر |
58 |
Mesalina brevirostris |
Short-nosed desert lizard |
سحلية |
59 |
Scincus scincus |
Sand fish |
السنقنور |
60 |
Ablepharus rueppellii |
Ruepilli’s skink |
---------------- |
61 |
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri khazaliensis |
Lecerta kulzeri |
سحلية |
62 |
Acanthodactylus opheodurus |
Snake like lizard |
سحلية |
63 |
Chamaeleo chamaeleon |
Chameleon |
الحرباء |
64 |
Varanus griseus |
Desert monitor |
الورل، طراد الخيل، الظليم |
65 |
Bufo viridis |
Green toad |
العلجوم |
AVI-Fauna Species
No. |
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Arabic Name |
1 |
Aquila verreauxii |
Verreaux's Eagle |
(عقاب سوداء (خدارية |
2 |
Hieraaetus pennatus |
Booted Eagle |
(العقاب المسيرة (المنتعلة |
3 |
Hieraaetus fasciatus |
Bonelli's Eagle |
عقاب بونللي |
4 |
Falco naumanni |
Lesser Kestrel |
عويسق |
5 |
Falco tinnunculus |
Common Kestrel |
(عوسق (صقر الجراد |
6 |
Falco concolor |
Sooty Falcon |
صقر الغروب ،الصقر الفاحم |
7 |
Falco biarmicus |
Lanner |
صقر حر |
8 |
Alectoris chukar |
Chukar |
حجل، شنار |
9 |
Ammoperdix heyi |
Sand Partridge |
سفرج (حجل)، الحجل الرملي |
10 |
Coturnix coturnix |
Quail |
سمان، فر، مريعي |
11 |
Crex crex |
Corncrake |
(مرعة الغلة، مرعة الغيط (صفرد |
12 |
Gallinula chloropus |
Moorhen |
دجاجة الماء |
13 |
Grus grus |
Common Crane |
الكركي الرمادي |
14 |
Himantopus himantopus |
Black-winged Stilt |
أبو المغازل، كرسوع أبو مغازل |
15 |
Burhinus oedicnemus |
Stone-curlew |
الكروان الجبلي |
16 |
Oenanthe oenanthe |
Common Wheatear |
|
17 |
Oenanthe hispanica |
Black-Eared Wheatear |
|
18 |
Oenanthe deserti |
Desert Wheatear |
أبلق البادية، أبلق الصحراء |
19 |
Oenanthe finschii |
Finsch's Wheatear |
أبلق عربي، أبلق فينش |
20 |
Oenanthe moesta |
Red-Rumped Wheatear |
أبلق أحمر العجز |
21 |
Oenanthe lugens |
Mourning Wheatear |
سوادية |
22 |
Oenanthe monacha |
Hooded Wheatear |
(أبلق أبو طاقية (أبو قلنسوة |
23 |
Oenanthe leucopyga |
White-crowned Black Wheatear |
أبلق أسود أبيض القنة |
24 |
Falco cherrug |
Saker |
صقر غزال |
25 |
Falco pelegrinoides |
Barbary Falcon |
شاهين مغربي |
26 |
Motaacilla cinerea |
Grey Wagtail |
ذعرة (فتاح) صفراء الرأس |
27 |
Motacilla alba |
White Wagtail |
ذعرة (فتاح) بيضاء |
28 |
Pycnonotus xanthopygos |
Yellow-vented Bulbul |
بلبل أصفر العجز |
29 |
Cercotrichas galactotes |
Rufous Bush Robin |
أبو حناء الأحراش الأحمر |
30 |
Luscinia luscinia |
Thrush Nightingale |
العندليب |
31 |
Phoenicurus ochruros |
Black Redstart |
حميراء سوداء |
32 |
Phoenicurus phoenicurus |
Common Redstart |
حميراء |
33 |
Cercomela melanura |
Blackstart |
شحيتي،قليعي أسود الذيل |
34 |
Saxicola rubetra |
Whinchat |
قليعي أحمر، القليعي |
35 |
Oenanthe isabellina |
Isabelline Wheatear |
أبلق أشهب |
36 |
Carduelis cannabina |
Linnet |
حسون تفاحي |
37 |
Rhodospiza obsoleta |
Desert Finch |
عصفور وردي صحراوي، حسون صحراوي |
38 |
Bucanetes githagineus |
Trumpeter Finch |
زمير وردي |
39 |
Carpodacus synocus |
Sinai Rosefinch |
طائر وردي سينائي |
40 |
Emberiza striolata |
House Bunting |
(درسة منزلية (مخططة الرأس |
41 |
Emberiza cineracea |
Cinereous Bunting |
درسة الشعير الشامي،درسة رمادية |
42 |
Emberiza hortulana |
Ortolan Bunting |
درسة أورتلان ،درسة الشعير |
43 |
Emberiza melanocephala |
Black-headed Bunting |
درسة سوداء الرأس |
44 |
Charadrius dubius |
Little Ringed Plover |
قطقاط (زقزاق) مطوق صغير |
45 |
Hoplopterus spinosus |
Spur-winged Plover |
قطقاط شوكي الجناح، أبو ظفر |
46 |
Gallinago gallnago |
Common Snipe |
الشنقب (الجهلول) الشائع |
47 |
Tringa nebularia |
Greenshank |
طيطوي أخضر الساق |
48 |
Tringa ochropus |
Green Sandpiper |
طيطوي أخضر |
49 |
Tringa glareola |
Wood Sandpiper |
(طيطوي الغابة (طيطوي الغياض |
50 |
Actitis hypoleucos |
Common Sandpiper |
طيطوي اعتيادي |
51 |
Larus ridibundus |
Black-headed Gull |
نورس أسود الرأس |
52 |
Columbidae |
Pigeons and Doves |
حماميات |
53 |
Columba livia |
Rock Dove |
حمام جبلي |
54 |
Streptopelia decaocto |
Eurasian Collared Dove |
حمام مطوق، يمام مطوق |
55 |
Streptopelia turtur |
Turtle Dove |
حمام رقطي، القمري |
56 |
Streptopelia senegalensis |
Palm Dove |
(يمام ضاحك (فاختة النخيل |
57 |
Oena capensis |
Namaqua Dove |
حمام (يمام) طويل الذنب |
58 |
Strigidae |
Typical Owls |
بوم حقيقي |
59 |
Otus brucei |
Striated Scops Owl |
بومة الأشجار المخططة |
60 |
Bubo bubo |
Eagle Owl |
(بومة نسارية (بوهة |
61 |
Athene noctua |
Little Owl |
بومة صغيرة |
62 |
Strix butleri |
Hume's Tawny Owl |
بومة بتلر |
63 |
Caprimulgus europaeus |
European Nightjar |
سبد أوروبي |
64 |
Monticola saxatilis |
Rock Thrush |
سمنة الصخور |
65 |
Monticola solitarius |
Blue Rock Thrush |
سمنة الصخور الزرقاء |
66 |
Turdus philomelos |
Song Thrush |
سمنة مغردة |
67 |
Sylviidae |
Warblers |
دخلية |
68 |
Scotocerca inquieta |
Scrub Warbler |
نمنمة الشجر، هازجة الشجيرات |
69 |
Locustella fluviatilis |
River Warbler |
هازجة الماء، هازجة النهر |
70 |
Acrocephalus scirpaceus |
Reed Warbler |
هازجة القصب |
71 |
Hippolais pallida |
Olivaceous Warbler |
هازجة زيتونية، خنشع زيتوني |
72 |
Hippolais languida |
Upcher's Warbler |
هازجة الشجر |
73 |
Hippolais olivetorum |
Olive-tree Warbler |
هازجة الزيتون |
74 |
Sylvia cantillans |
Subalpine Warbler |
هازجة (دخلة) الصرود |
75 |
Sylvia nana |
Desert Warbler |
هازجة (دخلة) الصحراء |
76 |
Sylvia hortensis |
Orphean Warbler |
هازجة (دخلة) الحدائق |
77 |
Sylvia nisoria |
Barred Warbler |
هازجة موشمة،هازجة موشحة |
78 |
Sylvia curruca |
Lesser Whitethroat |
زريقة فيرانية صغيرة |
79 |
Sylvia communis |
Whitethroat |
دخلة بيضاء الزور، زريقة فيراني |
80 |
Sylvia borin |
Garden Warbler |
هازجة (دخلة) البساتين |
81 |
Sylvia atricapilla |
Blackcap |
(عصفور التين(ابو قلنسوة |
82 |
Phylloscopus collybita |
Chiffchaff |
(نقشارة(سكسكة |
83 |
Phylloscopus trochilus |
Willow Warbler |
نقشارة الصفصاف، سكسكة الصفصاف |
84 |
Fringilla coelebs |
Chaffinch |
عصفور ظالم |
85 |
Carduelis carduelis |
Goldfinch |
حسون ذهبي |
86 |
Lxobrychus minutus |
Little Bittern |
الواق الصغير |
87 |
Ardeola ralloides |
Squacco Heron |
واق أبيض صغير |
88 |
Bubulcus ibis |
Cattle Egret |
بلشون البقر،أبوقردان |
89 |
Egretta garzetta |
Little Egret |
بلشون صغير |
90 |
Ciconia nigra |
Black Stork |
لقلق أسود |
91 |
Anas penelope |
Wigeon |
الصواي |
92 |
Anas querquedula |
Garganey |
شرشير صيفي، حذف صيفي |
93 |
Anas clypeata |
Shoveler |
الكيش )أبو مجرف) |
94 |
Milvus migrans |
Black Kite |
حدأة سوداء |
95 |
Gypaetus barbatus |
Lammergeier |
النسر الملتحي، كاسر العظم |
96 |
Neophron percnopterus |
Egyptian Vulture |
الرخمة المصرية |
97 |
Gyps fulvus |
Griffon Vulture |
نسر جريفون، نسر بني |
98 |
Circaetus gallicus |
Short-toed Eagle |
عقاب صرارة،نسر الثعابين |
99 |
Circus aeruginosus |
Marsh Harrier |
مرزة البطائح |
100 |
Circus macrourus |
Pallid Harrier |
مرزة بغثاء،باهتة |
101 |
Buteo buteo |
Common Buzzard |
صقر حوام |
102 |
Buteo rufinus |
Long-legged Buzzard |
حوام طويل الساق، صقر حوام |
103 |
Caprimulgus aegyptiacus |
Egyptian Nightjar |
سبد مصري |
104 |
Apus apus |
Common Swift |
سمامة عادية |
105 |
Apus pallidus |
Pallid Swift |
سمامة باهتة |
106 |
Merops apiaster |
European Bee-eater |
وروار شائع، وروار أوروبي |
107 |
Coracias garrulus |
European Roller |
غراب زيتوني،أوروبي،أخيل أوروبي |
108 |
Upupa epops |
Hoopoe |
هدهد |
109 |
Ammomanes cincturus |
Bar-tailed Desert Lark |
قبرة موشمة الذنب |
110 |
Ammomanes deserti |
Desert Lark |
قبرة الصحراء |
111 |
Alaemon alaudipes |
Hoopoe Lark |
قبرة هدهدية |
112 |
Calandrella rufescens |
Lesser Short-toed Lark |
قبرة قصيرة الأصابع صغيرة |
113 |
Galerida cristata |
Crested Lark |
قبرة متوجة |
114 |
Eremophila bilopha |
Temminck's Horned Lark |
(قبرة تمنك القرناء (قبرة تمنك |
115 |
Riparia riparia |
Sand Martin |
خطاف الشواطيء |
116 |
Ptyonoprogne fuligula |
Pale Crag Martin |
|
117 |
Ptyonoprogne rupestris |
Crag Martin |
خطاف الشواهق |
118 |
Hirundo rustica |
Barn Swallow |
سنونو |
119 |
Hirundo daurica |
Red-rumped Swallow |
سنونو أحمر العجز |
120 |
Delichon urbica |
House Martin |
خطاف البيوت، خطاف الضواحي |
121 |
Anthus similis |
Long-billed Pipit |
جشنة الصحراء، أبو تمرة الصحراء |
122 |
Phylloscopus sibilatrix |
Wood Warbler |
نقشارة الغاب |
Flora Species
|
Scientific Name |
Common Name |
Arabic Name |
1 |
Blepharis ciliaris (L.) B. L. Burtt |
------------------------ |
----------------------- |
2 |
Adiantum capillus-veneris L |
Maidenhair |
----------------------- |
3 |
Aizoon canariense L |
Aizoon |
حدق |
4 |
Pistacia atlantica Desf |
Atlanti Pistachio |
بطم أطلسي |
5 |
Phoenix dactylifera L |
Date Palm Tree |
نخيل البلح |
6 |
Caralluma negevensis Zohary |
Caralluma |
دويدة |
7 |
Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss |
Milkweed |
زيتة ،غلقة الدب |
8 |
Anchusa milleri Willd |
Miller's Alkanet |
حمحم صحراوي |
9 |
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Cosson & Kralik |
Prophet-Flower |
كحيل مضجع |
10 |
Cynoglossum creticum Miller |
Hounds tongue |
غريف،لزيق |
11 |
Echium rauwolfii Delile |
Bugloss |
حناء الغول |
12 |
Heliotropium arbainense Fresen |
Heliotrope |
عطان،عطاني |
13 |
Heliotropium maris-mortui Zohary |
Heliotrope |
--------------------- |
14 |
Hormuzakia aggregata (Lehm.) Gusul |
|
لسان النعجة |
15 |
Paracaryum rugulosum (DC.) Boiss |
Persian Navelseed |
غبيشة ،أم لبيد |
16 |
Podonosma orientalis (L.) Feinbrun |
Golden-Drop |
مصيص |
17 |
Trichodesma africanum (L.) Lehm |
African Trichodesma |
حمحم،لسان الثور |
18 |
Capparis spinosa L |
Common Caper |
كبار،قبار |
19 |
Cleome arabica L |
Arabian Cleome |
ام رميل العربية |
20 |
Gymnocarpos decandrum Forssk |
|
قضيم |
21 |
Paronychia sinaica Fresen |
Whitlow-wort |
رجل حمامة |
22 |
Robbairea delileana Milne-Redhead
|
|
|
23 |
Silene colorata Poiret |
Cloven-talled Catchfly |
عين البنت |
24 |
Silene villosa Forssk |
Villous Catchfly |
نوار،عطاني |
25 |
Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq |
Jointed Anabasis |
العجرم |
26 |
Anabasis setifera Moq |
Glasswort |
حمض ،عضو |
27 |
Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) Moris & Delponte |
|
العثنان،خريسي |
28 |
Atriplex halimus L |
Tall Orache |
قطف ملحي |
29 |
Atriplex leucoclada Boiss |
Saltbush; Orache |
رغل أبيض الفروع |
30 |
Bassia eriophora ( Schrader ) Asch |
Woolly Saltwort |
قطينة ،أم صوفة |
31 |
Haloxylon persicum Bunge |
White Saksaul |
الغضا |
32 |
Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf |
Thorny Saltwort |
شوك الحنيش |
33 |
Hammada salicornica (Moq.) Iljin |
Hammada |
الرمث |
34 |
Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum.Cours |
Sun Rose |
جرد،رقروق |
35 |
Helianthemum lasiocarpum Desf |
Ledum-leaved sun-rose |
اجرد الكماة |
36 |
Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Warb et Eig |
Aaronosohnia |
اقحوان أقرع |
37 |
Anthemis melampodina Delile subsp. Deserti (Bioss) Eig |
Negev Chamomile |
أريبان أسود القدم |
38 |
Artemisia inculta Delile |
Wormwood |
|
39 |
Artemisia judaica L |
Judean Wormwood |
بعيثران |
40 |
Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less |
Stinkwort |
الربد ، عين البقر |
41 |
Calendula arvensis L |
Field Marigold |
اقحوان بري |
42 |
Carduus argentatus L |
Silvered thistle |
|
43 |
Carduus australis L. fil |
Thistle |
لسان الكلب ، خرفيش |
44 |
Carthamus nitidus Boiss |
Safflower |
قرطم لامع |
45 |
Carthamus persicus Willd |
Wild safflower |
|
46 |
Centaurea eryngioides Lam |
Eryngo Centaury |
مرار بنفسجي |
47 |
Centaurea procurrens Sieber ex Sprengel |
Procumbent Centaury |
مرار زاحف |
48 |
Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm |
Hawkweed |
صفيرة |
49 |
Echinops polyceras Boiss |
Globe Thistle |
حرفاش ،ارث |
50 |
Filago desertorum Pomel |
Desert Cudweed |
قطينة ،قربط |
51 |
Gymnarrhena micrantha Desf |
Gymnarrhena |
خف الكلب |
52 |
Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Schultz Bip |
|
قرطف سنبلي |
53 |
Lasiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC |
Wooly Everlasting |
قطينة ،كريشة الجدي |
54 |
Launaea capitata (Sprengel) Ddandy |
Clustered launaea |
مرار لبني |
55 |
Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschler |
|
|
56 |
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hooker fil |
|
الحواءة،هندباء الحماد |
57 |
Leysera leyseroides (Desf) Maire |
Leysera |
رقيقة |
58 |
Onopordum alexandrinum Boiss |
Cotton Thistle |
عتور ،شوك |
59 |
Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. |
African Fleabane |
|
60 |
Picris cyanocarpa Boiss |
Oxtongue |
|
61 |
Picris damascena Boiss. & Gaill |
|
حوذان دمشقي |
62 |
Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) Oliver |
Crisp Fleabane |
جثجاث |
63 |
Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. |
Wave-leaved Fleabane |
ربل،شاي الجبل |
64 |
Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth |
Poppy- leaved Reichardia |
عضيد،رشادية |
65 |
Senecio flavus (Decne.) Schultz Bip |
Decaisne Groundsel |
زمروق، مرورة |
66 |
Senecio glaucus L. subsp. Coropifolius (Maire) Alexander |
Buck's-horn Groundsel |
قراعي،الجرجار |
67 |
Sonchus oleraceus L |
Common Sow Thistle |
جعضيض |
68 |
Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & Blanche |
|
كتيله ،صفيرة |
69 |
Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Schultz Bip |
Sweet-smelling Lavender Cotton |
قيصوم جبلي |
70 |
Brassica tournefortii Gouan |
African Mustard |
فويته |
71 |
Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss |
Hairy Rocket |
حراقة ، الحارة |
72 |
Diplotaxis spp. |
|
|
73 |
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Sprengel) |
Eremobium |
غبيشة |
74 |
Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce |
Spanish pink mustard |
غراء |
75 |
Farsetia aegyptiaca Turra |
Giant fennel |
الجرباء |
76 |
Malcolmia conringioides |
Yellow Malcomia |
مالكوميا صحراوية |
77 |
Matthiola livida (Delile) DC |
Gilli flower |
|
78 |
Matthiola logipetala (Vent.) DC |
Evening Stock |
الشقارى |
79 |
Morettia canescens Boiss |
Morettia |
ربل |
80 |
Neslia apiculata Fischer C. A. Mey. & Ave-Lall |
Ball Mustard |
فريدة |
81 |
Sisymbrium bilobum ( C. Koch) Grossh |
|
|
82 |
Stigmatella longistyla Eig |
Stigmatella |
ميسمية |
83 |
Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl |
Zilla |
سلة ، صلة |
84 |
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader |
Bitter Apple |
حنظل ،شرى ،علقم |
85 |
Cynomorium coccineum L |
Maltese mushroom |
مصرور |
86 |
Ephedra aphylla Forssk |
Ephedra |
علند |
87 |
Euphorbia hierosolymitana Boiss |
Spurge |
حلببون ، حليلوب |
88 |
Fumaria densiflora DC |
Dense-flowered Fumitory |
شاهترج ،رز الدجاج |
89 |
Erodium hirtum Willd |
Stork's-Bill |
قرنوة وبرية،بختري |
90 |
Erodium bryoniifolium Boiss |
|
|
91 |
Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd |
Cut-leaved stork's bill |
قرنوة مقسمة |
92 |
Aristida adscensionis L |
Six-weeks triple-awn |
|
93 |
Avena sterilis L |
Animated oat |
شوفان |
94 |
Bromus tectorum L |
Drooping brome |
|
95 |
Cutandia memphitica (Sprengel) Bentham |
Memphisgrass |
|
96 |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers |
Bermuda Grass |
نجيل ،ثيل |
97 |
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf |
Annual beardgrass |
|
98 |
Stipa capensis Thnub |
Cape feathergrass |
صمعة ،ركيبة |
99 |
Stipa spp. |
|
|
100 |
Tetrapogon villosus Desf |
|
|
101 |
Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl |
Afternoon Iris |
|
102 |
Juncus rigidus Desf |
|
|
103 |
Ballota sexatilis Sieber ex C. Presl |
Horehound |
|
104 |
Ballota undulata (Sieber ex Fresen.) Bentham |
Common Black Horehound |
شرمان ،كتيلة |
105 |
Lamium amplexicaule L |
Lamium amplexicaule L |
لاميوم |
106 |
Lavandula coronopifolia Poiret |
|
|
107 |
Mentha longifloia (L.) Hudson |
Biblical- or horse mint |
نعناع طويل الأوراق |
108 |
Nepeta calycina Fenzl |
|
|
109 |
Origanum syriacum L |
|
زعتر |
110 |
Salvia deserti Decne |
Desert sage |
|
111 |
Salvia lanigera Poiret |
Desert Sage |
قرعية ،براقم |
112 |
Teucrium leucocladum Boiss |
Germander |
جعدة بيضاء الفروع |
113 |
Teucrium polium L |
|
جعدة |
114 |
Ajuga chia Schreber |
Chain Bugle |
عشبة الدم |
115 |
Allium spp. |
|
|
116 |
Asparagus stipularis Forssk |
Asparagus |
زهر الهواء ،عجرم |
117 |
Asphodelus fistulosus L |
Hollow-Stemmed Asphodel |
غيصلان،بصيل |
118 |
Bellevalia desertorum Eig & Feinbr |
Bellevalia |
بصيل صحراوي |
119 |
Gagea reticulata (Pallas) Schult. Fil |
Gagea |
زعيتمان |
120 |
Leopoldia longipes (Boiss.) Losinsk |
Long-stalked leopoldia |
بصيل أزرق طويل |
121 |
Ornithogalum neurostegium Boiss. & Blanche |
Star-of-Bethlehem |
|
122 |
Urginea maritima (L.) Baker |
Sea Onion |
عيصلان،بوصلان |
123 |
Malva parviflora L |
Cheesweed, mallow |
خبيزة |
124 |
Acacia raddiana Savi |
Acacia |
طلح شعاعي |
125 |
Ficus carica L |
Fig |
تين عادي |
126 |
Ficus pseudo-sycomorus Decne |
|
حماط |
127 |
Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey) G. Beck |
Pink Broomrape |
ذئنون ملحي |
128 |
Glaucium arabicum Fresen |
Horned poppy |
قطرة،بخيته |
129 |
Hypecoum geslinii Coss. & Kral |
|
|
130 |
Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. |
|
نعيمة |
131 |
Astragalus annularis Forssk |
Milk-Vetch |
فقعة ،أصابع العروس |
132 |
Astragalus sanctus Boiss |
Blessed Milk-Vetch |
|
133 |
Astragalus sieberi DC |
Sieber's Milk Vetch |
خنصر العروس |
134 |
Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschler |
Spiny Milk-Vetch |
قتاد شوكي ،قداد |
135 |
Astragalus tribuloides Delile |
Caltrop Milk-Vetch |
|
136 |
Colutea istria Miller |
Bladder senna |
السيسبان |
137 |
Crotalaria aegyptiaca Bentham |
Egyptian rattlebox |
قلاقل |
138 |
Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. |
Horseshoe vetch |
حدوية ،وحيدة القرن |
139 |
Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner |
Greater bird's foot trefoil |
|
140 |
Ononis hirta Desf. Ex Poiret |
Hairy rest harrow |
|
141 |
Ononis natrix L |
Shrubby Restharrow |
لزيق ،لتين |
142 |
Ononis sicula Guss |
Rest harrow |
اللتين السيسلي |
143 |
Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berth |
White Broom |
الرتم |
144 |
Trigonella stellata Forssk |
Star fenugreek |
حلية مخملية ،تفل |
145 |
Plantago ciliata Desf |
Ciliate plantain |
|
146 |
Plantago cylindrica Forssk |
Cylindrical plantain |
ربل اسطواني ،ينم |
147 |
Plantago ovata Forssk |
Blond psyllium |
|
148 |
Rumex vesicarius L |
Bladder dock |
|
149 |
Caylusea hexagyna (Forssk.) M. Green |
|
|
150 |
Ochradenus baccatus Delile |
Ochradenus |
العنلدر،قرضة |
151 |
Reseda muricata K. Presl |
Prickly mignonette |
قرضة،قرضي |
152 |
Reseda stenostachya Boiss |
Dead Sea Mignonette |
حصاد البحر الميت |
153 |
Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb. Ex Boiss |
Buckthorn |
سويد |
154 |
Galium aparine L |
Cleaver's goose grass |
|
155 |
Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne.) Boiss |
|
|
156 |
Galium spp. |
Bedstraw |
|
157 |
Kickxia acerbiana (Boiss.) Tackh. & Boulos |
Fluellen |
|
158 |
Kickxia spartioides (Brouss. Ex Buch ) Janchen |
Fluellen |
|
159 |
Linaria haelava (Forssk.) Delile |
Haelava Toadflax |
حلاوة،نوار |
160 |
Scrophularia deserti Delile |
Figwort |
|
161 |
Scrophularia xylorrhiza Boiss |
Figwort |
|
162 |
Verbascum fruticulosum Post |
Mullein |
|
163 |
Verbascum sinaiticum Bentham |
Verbascum Sinuatum |
عمية |
164 |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L |
Water speedwell |
|
165 |
Hyoscyamus desertorum (Asch. Ex Boiss.) Tackh |
Desert Henban |
سكران |
166 |
Hyoscyamus pusillus L |
Dwarf henbane |
|
167 |
Lycium shawii Roemer & Schultes |
Boxthorn,Desert-thorn |
عوسج |
168 |
Solanum sinaicum Boiss |
Nightshade |
|
169 |
Eryngium glomeratum Lam |
|
عود القزم |
170 |
Ferula communis L |
Common Giant Fennel |
كلخ |
171 |
Zosima absinthifolia (Vent.) Link |
|
|
172 |
Forsskaolea tenacissima L |
|
|
173 |
Urtica pilulifera L |
Roman Nettle |
قريص |
174 |
Fagonia bruguierei DC |
Fagonbush |
|
175 |
Fagonia glutinosa Delile |
Fagonbush |
|
176 |
Peganum harmala L |
Peganum |
حرمل |
177 |
Fagonia arabica L |
Gamda |
|